C2 Grammar Cohesion techniques

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Grammar c2 - Cohesion techniques

Cohesion in writing refers to the way elements in a text are connected and flow logically. It enhances clarity, making the text easier to follow. There are various cohesion techniques used in writing to link ideas together smoothly. Some of the most common cohesion techniques include anaphora, cataphora, and discourse markers.

Anaphora:

Anaphora refers to the use of a word or phrase that refers back to another word or phrase that has already been mentioned. It often helps avoid repetition and contributes to the flow of the text.

Example: John was late to the meeting. He had trouble finding parking.

Explanation: ("He" refers to "John.")

Cataphora:

Cataphora, in contrast to anaphora, is when a word or phrase refers to something that will be mentioned later in the text.

Example: Before I tell you about the project, let me introduce myself.

Explanation: ("Let me introduce myself" refers forward to the subject of the introduction.)

Discourse Markers:

Discourse markers are words or phrases used to guide the reader or listener through the text or conversation. They help signal relationships between ideas, organize thoughts, or indicate shifts in the discourse. Common discourse markers include however, therefore, for example, on the other hand, etc.

Example: I love traveling. However, I do not like long flights.

1. In which of the following sentences is an anaphora used?

I had a great time at the concert. It was amazing.

It was raining heavily when we arrived.

Before I go, let me tell you about the plan.

For example, I will mention three possible solutions.

2. Which sentence uses cataphora?

He went to the store to buy some milk.

Before the end of the meeting, we should discuss the new project.

I forgot my keys, but I found them later.

The meeting was long, but it was productive.

3. Which of these is a discourse marker used for adding information?

Therefore

However

For example

On the other hand

4. Identify the anaphora in the sentence: Sarah wanted to visit Paris. She had always dreamed of going there?

Sarah

Wanted

She

Paris

5. Which of the following sentences uses a discourse marker to indicate contrast?

I like coffee; however, I don’t like tea.

We can go to the beach or the park.

I have a lot of homework, for example, two essays and a presentation.

This is a difficult task; therefore, we need to prepare.

6. Which word refers forward to something that will be explained later?

This

They

7. Which of the following sentences uses anaphora correctly?

They are planning to launch a new project. It will be exciting.

The new project will be launched soon. It has received great reviews.

Before the meeting, I need to review my notes.

She is an expert in her field. Her experience is invaluable.

8. In which of these sentences is the word "it" an example of anaphora?

I didn’t see the movie. It wasn’t interesting.

I think the movie was good. It was fun to watch.

This movie is great! It’s one of my favorites.

The movie was long. It didn’t feel boring.

9. Which sentence contains a discourse marker that signals cause and effect?

I forgot to study; therefore, I failed the exam.

However, I still managed to pass the test.

I was tired; for example, I didn’t finish my work.

I like playing sports, on the other hand, I also enjoy reading.

10. Which of the following is an example of cataphora?

The cat was running fast.

Before I leave, I must check my emails.

We are planning a trip to Italy next year.

The report was long, but it was very detailed.

11. Which of the following sentences uses the discourse marker "on the other hand"?

I like swimming; on the other hand, my friend prefers running.

We can meet tomorrow, however, I am busy today.

The company has grown significantly, for example, it has expanded internationally.

I enjoy hiking, therefore, I go every weekend.

12. Which sentence contains an anaphora referring to the subject of the sentence?

The team completed the project. They worked hard to finish it.

Before we start, let me explain the goals of the project.

I will do the laundry later.

That was an interesting movie. I can’t wait to see another one.

13. Which discourse marker is used to give an example of something?

Therefore

However

For example

On the other hand

14. Which sentence uses cataphora correctly?

We need to leave soon.

She smiled when she received the gift.

Before you go to bed, please clean your room.

I need to call my friend after lunch.

15. What is the role of a discourse marker in a sentence?

To add clarity and structure to the text

To introduce a new subject

To give specific details

To replace a noun

16. Which of these sentences is an example of cataphora?

This morning, I went for a walk in the park.

I went to the store yesterday.

It was raining heavily when we arrived.

Later, I will talk about the benefits of exercise.

17. In the sentence "The weather is cold today. It might snow later," what type of cohesion technique is used with the word "It"?

Anaphora

Cataphora

Discourse marker

None of the above

18. Which of the following sentences uses a discourse marker to show contrast?

I love reading; however, I don’t have much time for it.

I will bring the documents; therefore, we will be prepared.

I enjoy playing the guitar, on the other hand, my brother plays the piano.

I like sports, for example, soccer and tennis.

19. Which sentence contains an example of discourse markers indicating a cause and effect relationship?

It was raining, therefore, the match was canceled.

I was exhausted, for example, I couldn’t finish my work.

I love traveling, on the other hand, I hate flying.

I prefer coffee; however, tea is fine too.

20. Identify the discourse marker that indicates addition?

Moreover

However

On the other hand

Therefore

C2 Grammar Cohesion techniques

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Grammar c2 - Cohesion techniques

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