OurEnglishStudio

Instagram Facebook-f X-twitter Youtube
Login
Menu

C1 Grammar Cohesion Techniques

English Studio

Grammar C1 - Cohesion Techniques

Cohesion refers to the techniques that help connect ideas and sentences in a text, making the communication smoother and more understandable. There are several techniques used to achieve cohesion, with referencing and parallel structures being two of the most important.

1. Referencing

Referencing involves using words (like pronouns or determiners) to link back to something mentioned earlier or to introduce a new concept. There are two main types of referencing:

Anaphoric Reference: Refers back to something mentioned earlier in the text.

Example: John bought a new car. He is very happy with it. ("He" and "it" refer to John and his new car.)

Cataphoric Reference: Refers forward to something that will be mentioned later in the text.

Example: When I finally saw it, the car was beautiful. ("It" refers forward to "the car.")

2. Parallel Structures

Parallel structure (or parallelism) involves using the same grammatical structure within a sentence or across sentences to show that ideas are of equal importance. Parallelism is often used to create balance and make writing clearer and more rhythmical.

Example of parallel structures:

Correct: She likes to swim, to bike, and to run.

Incorrect: She likes swimming, biking, and to run.

1. Tom was very tired. He had been working all day.
Which sentence uses referencing correctly?
2. She went to the store and bought some milk, bread, and eggs.
What is the function of the list in this sentence?
3. The teacher said, “Please finish your homework.” She emphasized that it was due tomorrow.
In the second sentence, what does “it” refer to?
4. The manager explained the project’s goals clearly. He wanted to make sure everyone understood.
What is the function of “He” in the second sentence?
5. Her skills in negotiation, marketing, and in managing people are exceptional.
What is wrong with the structure of this sentence?
6. I’ve met a lot of people who are passionate about learning languages. He, in particular, is very committed.
What does “He” refer to?
7. To be successful in your job, you need to be organized, hard-working, and to communicate well with others.
Which sentence contains a parallel structure error?
8. The park is beautiful. It has a lake, trees, and a playground.
What is the function of "It" in the second sentence?
9. My friend loves playing tennis, traveling, and to eat out at restaurants.
Which of the following correctly fixes the error?
10. Everyone in the team has different strengths. These include creativity, problem-solving, and working well under pressure.
What type of cohesion is used in this example?
11. John was late for the meeting. He had missed the bus.
What type of reference is used with "He"?
12. The movie was exciting. It kept me on the edge of my seat the entire time.
What does “It” refer to?
13. He enjoys reading books, watching movies, and to cook in his free time.
Which of the following options corrects the parallelism error?
14. I need a new laptop. It is essential for my work.
What does "It" refer to?
15. The children are playing outside, eating snacks, and reading books.
What technique is used here?
16. I bought a new laptop and I also bought a phone.
What technique is used in this sentence?
17. “I will finish the report tomorrow,” she said. She added that she would submit it by Friday.
What is the function of “She” in the second sentence?
18. The report is well-organized, comprehensive, and easy to read.
Which technique is used in this sentence?
19. I like both reading novels and to write stories.
Which of the following correctly fixes the error?
20. The company offers great benefits, including health insurance, paid vacation, and opportunities for career growth.
What type of cohesion is used in this sentence?

 

Scroll to Top